Sunday, September 24, 2006

Basic First Aid for Mountain Bikers

Seperti janji gue di milis MTB-Indonesia, berikut adalah dasar-dasar teknik First Aid (P3K) yang kira-kira ada hubungannya dengan cedera yang mungkin terjadi saat sedang genjot.

D R A B C

Seorang well trained first aider pasti dan kudu ngarti cara melakukan DRABC sebelum melakukan pertolongan. Apa itu DRABC?

  • D = Danger, pastikan bahaya yang ada di sekitar korban dan penolong sudah dijauhkan/dihilangkan. Kalo gak bisa, pindahkan korban bila memungkinkan. Jangan pindahkan korban seandainya ada tanda-tanda cedera tulang belakang.
  • R = Response, cek apakah si korban bisa merespon panggilan kita. Bila korban tidak sadar, lakukan prosedur ABC lalu segera minta bantuan medis yang terdekat (klinik, puskesmas, dll.)
  • A = Air way, buka mulut korban dan pastikan jalan nafas tidak terhalang oleh benda asing. Jika tidak ditemukan benda asing, tetap usahakan jalan nafas terbuka.
  • B = Breathing, lihat, dengar, dan arsakan apakah korban bernafas setidaknya selama 10 detik. Jika korban bernafas, tempatkan korban dalam posisi yang nyaman. Jika tidak bernafas, lakukan Cardio Pulmonary Resusitation (CPR) dan segera cari pertolongan medis. Prosedur CPR bisa dilihat di sini: http://www.stjohn.org.au/quick_pdfs/cpr.pdf
  • C = Circulation, periksa aliran darah dengan cara melihat, mendengar, merasakan nafas korban, batuk, korban bergerak atau tanda-tanda kehidupan lainnya. Jika korban tidak sadar tetapi bernafas, posisikan dalam posisi yang nyaman dan segera cari pertolongan medis. Bila korban tidak sadar dan tidak ada tanda-tanda bernafas atau sirkulasi aliran darah, lakukan CPR dan segera cari pertolongan medis.
Silihkan klik link berikut mengenai step by step DRABC yang lebih lengkap: http://www.stjohn.org.au/quick_pdfs/handlinganemergency.pdf. Sebenarnya ada step "D" di link tersebut, cuman tidak mungkin dilakukan di arena genjot karena harus bawa alat Defibrilator.

Pendarahan

Untuk pendarahan kecil seperti luka gores, lecet di lutut, dll., bersihkan luka terlebih dahulu. Kalau ada air bersih (misalnya dari camelbak), siram luka dengan air tersebut sampai kotoran hilang. Kemudian bersihkan luka dengan alkohol (sekarang ini banyak dijual kasa beralkohol sekali pakai yang di-packing ringkas). Setelah itu semprotkan sprydien ato oleskan betadine. Tutup luka dengan kasa steril dan rekatkan dengan plester agar kasa tidak berubah posisi.

Untuk pendarahan besar, lepas pakaian di bagian yang luka atau gunting pakaian jika tidak bisa dilepas. Bersihkan kotoran yang ada lalu berikan tekanan terhadap luka dengan menggunakan kasa steril atau kain bersih. Bila terdapat benda asing di dalam luka, lakukan tekanan di sekitarnya saja. Baringkan korban dan posisikan bagian yang terluka lebih tinggi dari jantung. Berhati-hatilah bila diperkirakan ada tulang yang patah. Pasang kasa steril lalu bebat luka dengan mitela ato flexiband. Tambahkan kasa bila masih terlihat pendarahan, ulangi pembebatan. Detailnya ada di sini: http://www.stjohn.org.au/quick_pdfs/severe_bleeding.pdf

Patah Tulang, Keseleo, atau Dislokasi

Untuk patah tulang, ikuti prosedur DRABC. Tangani pendarahan lalu tutup luka. Periksa bagian yang patah dan minta korban untuk tidak menggerakkan bagian tersebut. Bebat bagian yang patahseperti yang di link berikut: http://www.stjohn.org.au/quick_pdfs/fract.pdf. Sebaiknya keseleo jangan diurut dan perhatikan jangan sampai aliran darah tertutup sama sekali oleh proses pembebatan.

Untuk dislokasi dan keseleo, lakukan prosedur DRABC lalu ikuti dengan RICE (bila memungkinkan):
  • R = Rest
  • I = Ice
  • C = Compression
  • E = Elevation

Cedera Tulang Belakang

Ini yang paling penting diingat bila ada teman yang jatuh saat bersepeda: jangan pindahkan korban kecuali korban dalam kondisi berbahaya. Ikutin prosedur yang ada di link berikut: http://www.stjohn.org.au/quick_pdfs/spinal_injury.pdf atau http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/first-aid-spinal-injury/FA00010. Segera cari pertolongan medis.

Cedera Mata

Siapa tau mata kelilipan lumpur yang muncrat, bantu dongakkan kepala korban kemudian aliri mata korban dengan air bersih. Bila benda asing tidak bisa dikeluarkan atau mata tetap terasa perih, tutup mata dengan kasa steril. Bebat mata yang sudah tertutup dengan mitela atau perban lentur (flexiband). Segera cari bantuan medis.

Lengkapnya bisa dilihat di sini: http://www.stjohn.org.au/quick_pdfs/eye_injury.pdf

Digigit Ular Berbisa

Cek nafas dan aliran darah si korban lalu tenangkan si korban. Segera bebat beberapa centimeter di atas bagian yang digigit (ke arah jantung), harus kencang seperti membebat tangan atau kaki yang keseleo tetapi tidak terlalu kuat. Gunakan bantuan kayu/papan pada saat membebat agar bagian badan tidak terlalu banyak bergerak. Minta si korban untuk tidak banyak bergerak atau meronta karena akan membuat bisa ikut terpompa ke dalam aliran darah. Lengkapnya di sini: http://www.stjohn.org.au/quick_pdfs/snake_spider_bite.pdf

7 comments:

Spedaman said...

wuih muantab trainingnya!
oia mo nambahin dikit om, sebelum melakukan pertolongan pertama, kita harus memperkenalkan diri serta organisasi kpd korban ato saksi sehingga jika terjadi hal yg tdk diinginkan, tdk terkena tindak pidana.

*pernah ikutan KSR tp dah byk lupa*:P

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first aid kit said...

Good article, It is good to know about this first aid especially to the mountain bikers that they should have first aid kits because they may not know what will happen next. It's better to be ready than to be late.